By Mikkel Gerken (auth.)
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Extra resources for Epistemic Reasoning and the Mental
Sample text
44 In contrast, an obtaining irrelevant alternative can remain irrelevant for warrant. To see this, consider a scenario in which a subject is prone to an optical illusion of a vase. 45 I take it to be a datum that the subject is warranted when an illusion-circumstance obtains insofar as she has no indication that it obtains. In an illusion-case, the obtaining alternative is irrelevant for warrant but relevant for knowledge. Whereas the subject’s putative knowledge is defeated, her warrant is unaltered.
D Doxastic and propositional warrant It is frequently useful to evaluate the epistemic rationality of an agent, S, with regards to a proposition, p, even if S does not believe that p. Indeed, it has been commonplace to distinguish between doxastic and propositional warrant at least since Roderick Firth introduced the distinction and the terminology (Firth 1978). Alvin Goldman characterizes the distinction in different terminology (citing Firth, cf. his footnote 17): Let us distinguish two uses of “justified”: an ex post use and an ex ante use.
I regard such a necessary condition as too strong. But the issue is irrelevant for the present point. Epistemic Warrant 19 is wine in the glass is warranted for her. To see this, consider some of Lizzie’s possible responses to Maggie’s testimony that there is wine in the glass. Lizzie may believe it, she may believe its negation or she may not form any belief regarding the matter. If Lizzie believes that there is wine in the glass, she has a warranted belief. Her (doxastic) warrant is, at least in part, explained by the fact that the proposition that there is wine in the glass is (propositionally) warranted for her.