By Augustin Speyer
The ebook is anxious with the interplay of syntax, info constitution and prosody within the heritage of English, demonstrating this with a case research of item topicalization. The method is data-oriented, utilizing fabric from syntactically parsed electronic corpora of outdated, center and Early smooth English, which function a superior origin for conclusions. using item topicalization underwent a pointy decline from previous English till at the present time. within the current quantity, a uncomplicated prosodic well-formedness situation, the conflict Avoidance Requirement, is pointed out because the major issue for this transformation. With the lack of V2-syntax, item topicalization led extra simply to instances within which focalized words, the topicalized item and the topic, are adjoining. the 2 focal accents on those words could produce a conflict, hence violating the conflict Avoidance Requirement. in an effort to stay clear of this, using topicalization in serious situations is shunned. The conflict Avoidance Requirement is very proper additionally this present day, as experimental facts on English and German express. additional, the conflict Avoidance Requirement is helping to give an explanation for the well known syntactic constitution of the left outer edge in outdated English. An research positing topic positions is defended within the research. the adaptation of those topic positions is proven to rely no longer on pronominal vs. lexical prestige of the topic yet on details structural homes.
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Extra resources for Topicalization and Stress Clash Avoidance in the History of English
Sample text
If we look in the available corpora of historic stages of English, we can directly see how the word order did become more rigid. It was not a change that happened suddenly, but took a bit of time. Let us demonstrate this on the example of full noun phrase scrambling. Scrambling is a process in which elements are moved from their basegenerated position to a position below the C-architecture (cf. g. Haider and Rosengren 1998, 2003). g. that pronouns have to precede full noun phrases, but otherwise the operation is syntactically relatively unconstrained.
How does the speaker decide which one to topicalize? Kuno (1982), working on multiple wh-questions, developed the idea that the wh-phrase selected to be fronted is the one that provides a ‘sortingkey’ “for sorting relevant pieces of information in the answer” (Kuno 1982: 141; cf. to the following also van Hoof [2003]). Let me illustrate this with an example, adapted from Kuno (1982: 140–141). Let us assume a multiple question such as (6). (6) Which students did they give A’s to in which subjects?
For instance, a verb second order can also be the result of a structure as in (11). g. Kroch and Taylor 1997; Haeberli 2002). I denote it here as IP-V2 for the ease of the exposition. We will get back to that question more precisely in part 5. When I use V2 in this study I do not mean V2 by movement of the verb to C. For this special usage I use the term CP-V2. The structure of V2 I am mostly concerned with is the version of V2 outlined in (11). It is important to note that this sentence structure is optional throughout the history of English (quite in contrast to CP-V2 in languages which have this structure, where it tends to be compulsory), and therefore it makes sense to speak of Further concepts 21 the ‘V2 word order option’ when talking about English.