By Dr. Ronald J. Pekala Ph.D. (auth.)
This ebook offers an method of quantifying cognizance and its quite a few states. It represents over ten years of labor in constructing, try ing, and getting to know using quite basic self-report query naires within the retrospective overview of subjective or phenomenologi cal adventure. whereas the simplicity of the tactic makes it possible for subjective event to be reliably and validly assessed throughout a number of brief stim ulus stipulations, the pliability of the technique permits the cognitive psy chologist, attention researcher, and psychological health care provider to quantify and statistically determine the phenomenological variables associ ated with a number of stimulus stipulations, altered-state induction tech niques, and scientific approaches. The technique permits the cognitive psychologist and psychological healthcare professional to comprehensively quantify the buildings and pat terns of subjective event facing imagery, cognizance, impact, volitional keep watch over, inner discussion, etc to figure out how those phenomenological constructions may well covary in the course of such stimulus stipulations as loose organization, a sexual delusion, artistic challenge fixing, or a panic assault. It makes it possible for a number of phenomenological professional cesses to be stated, quantified, and statistically assessed in a slightly finished type that are supposed to aid shed better knowing at the nature of brain or consciousness.
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Additional info for Quantifying Consciousness: An Empirical Approach
Sample text
Opposed to the previous two definitions, the following definitions are more akin to how consciousness is currently defined. Consciousness3 is "the state or faculty of being mentally conscious or aware of anything" (Natsoulas, 1978, p. 910). Of consciousness3 , Natsoulas writes: It is arguably our most basic concept of consciousness, for it is implicated in all the other senses. One's being conscious, whatever more it may mean, must include one's heing aware of something. What it is to be aware of something is, therefore, eminently worthy of our attention, perhaps as much as the nature of matter is worthy of the attention of other scientists.
It is from this phenomenological foundation that the Gestaltists came to speak of the data of direct experience as phenomena. This phe- 20 Chapter 1 nomenological approach genera ted a great deal of good research through Gestalt approaches to perception. Gestalt psychology became a legitimate school of psychology with the works of Katz, Wertheimer, and Kohler. In contrast to the elementalism of the structuralists, the Gestaltists asserted that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts and protested against the analysis of an experience into a predetermined list of elements.
But the difference between them lay in the point of view with which experience was to be regarded. To inaugurate psychology as a scientific discipline dealing with immediate experience, Wundt tumed to chemistry for his model. Wundt looked for the psychological atoms of experience and used the principle of association to build up the molecules, compounds, and higher levels of mental activity. Sensations, and perhaps feelings and images, were the psychological atoms that could be combined to form perceptions, ideas, and higher mental processes.