By Kenneth S. Kendler, Josef Parnas
Psychiatry has lengthy struggled with the character of its diagnoses. This e-book brings jointly demonstrated specialists within the wide variety of disciplines that experience an curiosity in psychiatric nosology. The individuals contain philosophers, psychologists, psychiatrists, and historians.
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Extra resources for Philosophical issues in psychiatry. II, Nosology
Sample text
The notion of comparative validity that I will introduce in the next section is a small “v” notion. 3 Validation and calibration In the physical sciences calibration refers to adjusting a measurement device so that the values it returns match a standard. ). Scales are routinely adjusted so that the scales’ estimated value of a weight matches the known value of the weight. Scales can be calibrated to measure a variety of weights in a set. Scales are also calibrated with specific experimental uses in mind, and may be calibrated differently if the intended use shifts.
For example, virtually all of the entities included in the DSM-IV research appendix are framed in terms of diagnostic categories defined by patterns of descriptive symptoms. Furthermore, based on prior experience with the THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH RDoC PROJECT DSM-IV appendix for “criteria sets and axes provided for further study,” it is unlikely that researchers will make much use of such a research appendix. In the 17 years since publication of DSM-IV, with the exception of the experimental criteria for binge eating disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder which been cited in hundreds of studies, the remaining 21 criteria sets and two axes have received very little attention from researchers.
Recall that the Copernican model was for many years unable to address the problem of the lack of parallax of stars seen from Earth at different seasons. Instrumentation was not then up to the needed accuracy to detect the parallax given the very great distances involved. ). So, inevitably, we have multiple standards, the importance of which has to be debated. Zachar then turns briefly to the problem of realism versus non-realism in psychiatry. Few issues in the philosophy of psychiatric nosology are more weighty.