By Hazel Smith
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Extra info for European Union Foreign Policy: What it is and What it Does
Sample text
Development Does the European Union Have a Foreign Policy? 25 cooperation funding may be disbursed within the context of different programmes, ranging from that of emergency aid to aid allocated within the context of long-term, comprehensive partnership agreements – such as the Cotonou agreement. The legal basis for funding development cooperation is institutionalised in Article 177 (ex Article 130u) to Article 181 (ex Article 130y) of the treaty. Part Four of the Rome Treaty remained as Articles 182 to 188 in the revised treaty establishing the European Communities and this allowed for continued ‘association’ of still dependent territories with the Union.
This chapter also specifies the key actors and instruments available to the European Union for use in the various issue-areas. Chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8 follow the framework established in Chapters 1 and 4 so that Chapter 5 discusses policy to the North, Chapter 6 to the neighbouring South, Chapter 7 to the distant South and Chapter 8 evaluates the European Union’s approach to the ‘New Europe’. Policy within issue-areas can be very different according to the geographical region with which the Union is working.
The Maastricht provisions went further than the original Rome Treaty intentions by allowing the Union a capacity to enter into Does the European Union Have a Foreign Policy? 23 development cooperation with all less-economically developed states – although it still acknowledged the special status of its relations with the ACP states and with the remaining dependent territories. Developing countries are divided into two categories for EU purposes. The first is that of the ‘associated’ countries and, as the term suggests, includes all those developing countries that had some form of association agreement with the Union.