By Mairi Blackings, Nigel Fabb
This grammar offers probably the most special debts on hand of the syntax of a Nilo-Saharan language. It absolutely describes the various strange features of Ma'di, together with the several note orders linked to various tenses, the particle-based modal and concentration platforms, the complete variety of adverbials, and the constitution and which means of the noun word. The grammar additionally describes the phonetics, phonology, morphology, and facets of the lexicon of the language.
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Additional resources for A Grammar of Ma’di
Sample text
A low tone which comes at the end of a clause, possibly related to the specific determiner. 5). 5). 1). 1). 3). All floating tones are either high or low. We suspect that the phonological weakness of the mid tone, which is the most easily deleted and may be a default tone of some kind, rules it out as an independent morpheme. 4. Absence ofdownstep and downdrifi We have not found evidence that Ma'di shows either downstep or downdrift. 5. Absence of stress We have not found evidence that, for any Ma'di word, a particular syllable predictably carries stronger stress than any other syllable.
It is often hidden by phonological processes. There are several verbal suffixes. One suffix -kä appears to make the clause into a constituent which has the syntactic distribution of a noun phrase, and thus prefix perhaps nominalizes the verb. ' The suffix -re and its plural equivalent -6a tend to make a clause with a subject argument controlled from outside (eg. in a relative clause) and the suffix -1ε tends to make a clause which in contrast has its object argument controlled from outside. ' The suffix -c/30 creates a clause expressing a 'source' of some kind such as an instrument or a reason.
4. Obligatory ATR harmony within a prefixed verb A prefix always harmonizes to the ATR value of the root. Table 15. ATR harmonization of prefixes.