By J. Gordon Cook (Auth.)
This ebook bargains a entire survey of the man-made fibres, together with rayons and different common polymer fibres, and the genuine artificial fibres that have made such quick development nowa days
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Extra resources for Handbook of Textile Fibres. Volume 2 Man-Made Fibres
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Hydroextraction of the cloth at full width may be followed by drying on a stenter. Loop or festoon drying may also be used, followed by adjustment of width on a stenter equipped with steam box. Cylinder drying should be avoided, as this may cause a harsh handle. 29 HANDBOOK OF TEXTILE F I B R E S Finishing The finishing of viscose fabrics is concerned largely with minimizing the shortcomings inherent in viscose, notably its sensitivity to water. Resin finishes of many types are now used effectively for this purpose, providing increased dimensional stability during washing, improved wrinkle resistance and crease resistance.
Once again, the raw material is cellulose, which is rendered soluble by being converted to a derivative, cellulose acetate, which dissolves in acetone and other solvents. In this respect, the production of acetate resembles that of Chardonnet silk, which was made by converting cellulose into cellulose nitrate and dissolving it in solvent. Cellulose acetate solution is extruded through fine holes, as in the case of the other regenerated fibres. But instead of entering a coagulating bath, the fine jets emerge into a stream of warm air.
Spun-dyed fibre, for example, is made by adding finely-dispersed pigments to the viscose solution (see page 21); titanium dioxide is added to dull the lustre of the filaments. This technique may be used to modify the character of viscose fibre in more subtle ways, giving it characteristics which are required for particular applications. Additives may increase the water resistance of the rayon, for example, or give it an affinity for dyes outside the usual range of viscose dyes. The possibilities inherent in this technique are almost infinite, and thousands of modified rayons have been made.