Colour for Textiles: A User's Handbook by W Ingamells

By W Ingamells

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E. 1 The reaction between sodium and chlorine atoms chlorine anion Cl– this is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in that orbit. ) The next is filled by eight electrons. Although strictly speaking an oversimplification, it is convenient to assume from now on that eight electrons is the maximum number that can be accommodated in an outer shell. The significant feature that governs the way in which different atoms combine is the number of electrons in the outermost shell. The sodium atom has a single electron in the outermost shell, while the chlorine atom has seven.

2H2O One particular amino acid has and so on at each end of the growing chain a significant influence on wool during wet processing. 4 cystine, which has two atoms of sulphur in its molecule. The two sulphur atoms bridge the two halves of the molecule, each both end-groups HOOC COOH become C CH2 S S CH2 CH incorporated H2N NH2 cystine in a protein molecule both end-groups become incorporated in a protein molecule of which contains one acid group and one amino group. Because NH NH C O C O CH CH2 S S CH2 CH NH NH C O C O of its structure cystine can become incor- porated into more than one wool molecule, forming a disulphide wool protein molecule wool protein molecule bridge between them.

3). This process is N C COOH H R1 acid group of the next. 4). 3 coiled into a helix. This is alpha (α) keratin, and it will be indicated later H H H2N CCOOH + H2N C CONH R H H R1 C COOH + H2N C COOH R3 R2 how the alpha keratin helix influences the elasticity of wool fibres. 2H2O One particular amino acid has and so on at each end of the growing chain a significant influence on wool during wet processing. 4 cystine, which has two atoms of sulphur in its molecule. The two sulphur atoms bridge the two halves of the molecule, each both end-groups HOOC COOH become C CH2 S S CH2 CH incorporated H2N NH2 cystine in a protein molecule both end-groups become incorporated in a protein molecule of which contains one acid group and one amino group.

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