By David H. Hubel
This paintings examines the mechanisms through which we understand color, intensity and stream, and the functionality of the fibres connecting the 2 halves of the mind. the writer describes how the visible circuits strengthen ahead of start and discusses the unforeseen effects of visible deprivation early in existence. He describes present wisdom in regards to the better visible components of the mind referred to as 18, V4 and MT. The initiatives scientists face in interpreting the rest mysteries of imaginative and prescient and the workings of the human mind also are explored.
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Extra info for Eye, Brain, and Vision
Example text
This optical device, a modified eye doctor's ophthalmoscope, made it possible to flood the retina with steady, 6 weak, uniform background light and also to project small, more intense stimulus spots, while directly observing both the stimulus and the electrode tip. The background light made it possible to stimulate either rods or cones or both, because only the cones work when the prevailing illumination is very bright, and only the rods work in very dim light. Kuffler recorded extracellularly from electrodes inserted through the sclera (white of the eye) directly into the retina from the front.
This effect explains why neurophysiologists before Kuffler had such lack of success: they had recorded from these cells but had generally used diffuse light – clearly from the ideal stimulus. You can imagine what a surprise it must have been to observe that shining a flashlight directly into the eye of an animal evoked such feeble responses or no response at all. 8 Illuminating all the receptors, as a flashlight surely does, might have been expected to be the most effective stimulus, not the least.
The optic-nerve fibers simply gather into a bundle as they leave the eye, and when they reach the geniculate, they fan out and end in a topographically orderly way.