Plato's Republic (Edinburgh Philosophical Guides) by D. J. Sheppard

By D. J. Sheppard

Plato's Republic, the most vital texts within the Western canon, can be probably the most extensively taught. This consultant, designed to be learn along the unique, deals various interpretive chances that let readers to develop into meaningfully and with a bit of luck conversant with Plato's textual content. It offers key insights into sort, vocabulary, arguments, and philosophical content material of the Republic. No different consultant is greater for starting students.

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Additional info for Plato's Republic (Edinburgh Philosophical Guides)

Sample text

Beginning Again: Socrates’ Task (357a–367e) Book II opens with a restatement of the problem of justice that clarifies Socrates’ task in what follows. Glaucon is first to speak, and his words are then supplemented by Adeimantus. As we have already observed, Glaucon and Adeimantus are at least nominally based on historical figures: they were Plato’s brothers, though we do not know what bearing their real personae had on the respective roles they assume in the Republic. Whatever additional importance commentators attach to their stepping centre stage at this point, all agree that it significantly alters the relationship between the interlocutors.

With the introduction of the skill analogy, Annas argues, Socrates reveals that he is ‘implicitly thinking of these like the rules of a skill, a means of achieving an antecedently determined end’ in the way that medicine pursues the end of health. Thus understood, Socrates shows that the end of justice is a trivial one, useful only ‘when things are useless’. Likewise, in the second argument the skill analogy enables Socrates to argue that Polemarchus’ definition lacks any notion that ‘a just action must A Guide to the Text 31 be aimed at some good’.

However, in reintroducing the skill analogy, Thrasymachus departs from his initial sociological account. Justice is no longer conceived in relativist terms as whatever a given power determines it to be. Instead, it is absorbed into an idealist account of the ‘ruler in the most precise sense possible’ (341b). In other words, Thrasymachus shifts from an account of how rulers do behave to an account of how they ought to behave – namely, in their own interest. 36 Plato’s Republic Thrasymachus’ revised position becomes clearer as Socrates proceeds to challenge it.

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