This e-book covers crucial points of transmutation applied sciences, highlighting specially the advances in Japan. The coincidence on the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear energy Plant (NPP) has triggered us to concentration realization on a large number of spent nuclear fuels saved in NPPs. moreover, public nervousness concerning the remedy and disposal of high-level radioactive wastes that require long term keep an eye on is turning out to be. the japanese coverage at the back-end of the nuclear gasoline cycle continues to be unpredictable within the aftermath of the twist of fate. for that reason, examine and improvement for boosting the security of varied procedures all in favour of nuclear strength creation are being actively pursued around the globe. particularly, nuclear transmutation know-how has been drawing major recognition after the accident.
This booklet is well timed with the subsequent highlights: 1) improvement of accelerator-driven platforms (ADSs), that is a brand-new reactor notion for transmutation of hugely radioactive wastes; 2) Nuclear reactor structures from the viewpoint of the nuclear gas cycle. the way to decrease nuclear wastes or find out how to deal with them together with the particles from TEPCO’s Fukushima nuclear energy stations is mentioned; and three) Environmental radioactivity, radioactive waste remedy and geological disposal policy.
State-of-the-art applied sciences for total back-end problems with the nuclear gasoline cycle in addition to the applied sciences of transmutation are provided the following. The bankruptcy authors are actively interested by the advance of ADSs and transmutation-related applied sciences. the way forward for the back-end concerns in Japan is particularly doubtful after the twist of fate on the Fukushima Daiichi NPP and this publication presents a chance for readers to contemplate the longer term course of these matters.
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Extra info for Nuclear Back-end and Transmutation Technology for Waste Disposal: Beyond the Fukushima Accident
Example text
3. Five fuel samples taken from ZN2 and ZN3 fuel assemblies were dissolved initially in 3 M nitric acid solution at about 110 C, then the dissolution residue was dissolved again in mixed solutions of nitric, hydrochloric, and sulfuric acid at 180 C. Before the measurement of isotopic ratio, the isobar should be separated to avoid contamination. 4 shows a schematic of chemical separation. The dissolution solutions of spent fuels were filtrated and the filtrate solution was fed to an anion-exchange resin of UTEVA (Eichrom, USA) to separate U, Pu, and Nd individually.
In the self-indication method, the contribution from impurity was suppressed and a weak 58 eV resonance of 197Au was emphasized around 120 ch. (Fig. 6). The TOF spectra for the mixture composed of natU, 237Np, and 243 Am are shown in Figs. 8. Although many resonance dips caused by impurities of 237Np and 243Am were observed (Fig. 7), there are no differences J. Hori et al. Estimated thickness [atoms/b] 26 NRTA Self-indication True thickness [atoms/b] Fig. 4 Results of estimated sample thickness for 197Au m NRTA no sample NRTA with Au10 mm NRTA with Au10mm+Ag50 mm m Fig.
It was confirmed that the thickness of the target nuclide can be determined by both methods within 3 % accuracy. The accuracy can be improved further by using a smaller resonance (nσ tot is not large). The TOF spectra with silver and gold samples are shown with the NRTA method in Fig. 5 and with the self-indication method in Fig. 6. 2 eV resonance of 109Ag overlapped around 400 ch. in Fig. 5. In the self-indication method, the contribution from impurity was suppressed and a weak 58 eV resonance of 197Au was emphasized around 120 ch.