By Tommy Gärling, Tommy Gärling, Linda Steg
Land Public delivery keeps to achieve better cognizance in shipping coverage and economics, given its value in helping social team spirit and its contribution to decreasing congestion and emissions.The chapters during this publication are a refereed choice of the easiest papers before everything awarded on the ninth overseas convention of pageant and possession of Land Passenger delivery (The Thredbo sequence) in Lisbon in 2005. This was once the 9th in a chain of Thredbo meetings at the related common subject, amassing many of the world's most sensible experts within the box, from academia and from perform from all continents.The diversity of present concerns and intensity in their remedy makes this a truly helpful ebook for scientists and practitioners alike who wish to maintain abreast of the very most up-to-date advancements in institutional reform in land passenger transport.*Unique in its behavioral technology viewpoint at the threats to caliber of city lifestyles from automobile use and coverage measures to minimize motor vehicle use*Provides a consolidated reference in vehicle possession and use*Key topical zone subsidized up through overseas coverage e.g. The Kyoto Protocol
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Extra resources for Threats from Car Traffic to the Quality of Urban Life: Problems, Causes, Solutions
Sample text
McConnel (2002). Valuing Environmental and Natural Resources: The Econometrics of Non-Market Valuation, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham. Handy, S. (1996). Methodologies for Exploring the Link between Urban Form and Travel Behaviour, Transportation Research D, 1 (2), 151–165. Handy, S. (2005). Critical Assessment of the Literature on the Relationships among Transportation, Land Use, and Physical Activity Resource paper for TRB Special Report 282: Does the built environment influence physical activity?
E. Mc Kone, E. W. Nazaroff (2005). Inhalation of Motor Vehicle Emissions: Effects of Urban Population and Land Area, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 283–295. qxd 3/6/2007 10:35 AM Page 31 Environmental Effects of Urban Traffic 31 Meurs, H. and R. Haaijer (2001). Spatial Structure and Mobility, Transportation Research part D, 6 (6), 429–446. , M. Petticrew, and H. Thomson (2004). What Are the Most Effective Ways of Improving Population Health through Transport Interventions? Evidence from Systematic Reviews, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57, 327–333.
2001) Praml and Schierl (2000) BeVan et al. (1991) Avol et al. (1998) Den Tonkelaar and Van der Tuin (1983) Van Wijnen et al. (1995) Van Bruggen et al. (1991) BeVan et al. qxd 3/6/2007 20 10:35 AM Page 20 Threats from Car Traffic to the Quality of Urban Life Table 3: Exposure of People Living Near Busy Roads Main Conclusion Concentrations at locations near urban roads are higher than at locations further away from the road This effect is found both for urban roads and for motorways Concentrations are higher in narrow streets with high buildings Further Information References This conclusion was found for PM, NO2, soot, benzene and polycyclic aromatic HC (PAH), the impact of distance differs between pollutants Zagury et al.