The Horse: The Epic History of Our Noble Companion by Wendy Williams

By Wendy Williams

The booklet horse-lovers were ready for
Horses have a narrative to inform, one in every of resilience, sociability, and intelligence, and of partnership with humans. In The Horse, the journalist and equestrienne Wendy Williams brings that tale brilliantly to life.
Williams chronicles the 56-million-year trip of horses as she visits with specialists world wide, exploring what our organic affinities and modifications can let us know in regards to the bond among horses and people, and what our longtime spouse may possibly imagine and suppose. certainly, fresh clinical breakthroughs concerning the social and cognitive capacities of the pony and his skill to conform to altering ecosystems point out that this animal is an enormous evolutionary triumph.
Williams charts the path that results in our smooth Equus-from the protohorse to the Dutch Warmbloods, Thoroughbreds, and cow ponies of the twenty-first century. She observes wonderful old cave artwork in France and Spain that indications a deep recognize and admiration for horses good sooner than they have been domesticated; visits the mountains of Wyoming with specialists in equine habit to appreciate the dynamics of free-roaming mustangs; witnesses the fluid gracefulness of the recognized Lipizzans of Vienna; contemplates what lifestyles is like for the sure-footed, mustachioed Garrano horses who thrive at the rugged terrain of Galicia; meets a kinfolk dedicated to rehabilitating deserted mustangs on their New Hampshire farm; celebrates the Takhi horses of Mongolia; and extra. She blends profound medical insights with outstanding tales to create a distinct biography of the pony as a sentient being with a desirable previous and a finely nuanced mind.
The Horse is a revealing account of the animal who has been at our facet during the a long time, befriending us and touring with us over the mountains and around the plains. Enriched via Williams's personal event with horses, The Horse is a masterful paintings of narrative nonfiction that can pay tribute to this treasure of the wildlife.

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Extra resources for The Horse: The Epic History of Our Noble Companion

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J. Exp. Med. 204, 3027–3036 (2007). 86. Long, B. R. et al. Conferral of enhanced natural killer cell function by KIR3DS1 in early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J. Virol. 82, 4785–4792 (2008). 87. Boulet, S. et al. Increased proportion of KIR3DS1 homozygotes in HIV‑exposed uninfected individuals. AIDS 22, 595–599 (2008). 88. Gillespie, G. M. et al. Lack of KIR3DS1 binding to MHC class I Bw4 tetramers in complex with CD8+ T cell epitopes. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 23, 451–455 (2007).

However, this discrepancy could be explained by the interactions of KIRs with HLA molecules during NK cell development. As described in bOX 1, developing NK cells undergo a licensing proc‑ ess, in which engagement of inhibitory KIRs by HLA molecules arms NK cells with functional capacity 97–99. The strength of interaction between inhibitory KIRs and HLA molecules at this licensing step proportion‑ ately enhances later functional capacity. Indeed, studies have shown that KIR3DL1+ NK cells from individuals homozygous for HLA‑Bw4 respond more potently to mHC class I‑negative cells than NK cells from individu‑ als expressing only one copy or no copies of HLA‑Bw4 (Ref.

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