By Wendy Olmsted
This ebook for the main half within reason effortless to learn. There are a few a part of the e-book the place I acquired a piece misplaced, due to the way it is written, particularly how she cites. for instance it's going to glance anything like this: "...office or career ("of praise," Essays, P. 214)" when you are happy with having 5-7 citations like that during one web page you have to be effective. while you are no longer too pleased with that process, it is nonetheless an exceptional ebook and also you should learn it.
Rhetoric by means of Olmstead covers pretty well every little thing you want to learn about the heritage of rhetoric. And Olmstead does it in a manner that's effortless to understand, she hyperlinks earlist principles on rhetoric (Aristotle) to different principles on Rhetoric in heritage and disciplines (politics, legislation, etc.). It exhibits how Rhetoric alterations all through background; how and why Machiavelli's view are either assorted from and similar as cicero and why it truly is different.
bottom line:
Great booklet! learn it and think about it;
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Extra info for Rhetoric: An Historical Introduction
Sample text
Book 2, chapters 1–12 analyze only political emotions, ‘‘the affections which cause men to change their opinion in regard to their judgements, and are accompanied by pleasure and pain’’ (The ‘‘Art’’ of Rhetoric 2. 1, 1378a, p. 173). The emotions usually come in pairs like anger and mildness, love and hate, and fear and confidence. One term in each pair names an emotion accompanied by pain (such as anger, fear, indignation, and envy). Speakers use rhetoric to change negative emotions, transforming anger to mildness or fear to confidence.
For example, King Archidamus draws on ends of safety and welfare in The Peloponnesian War when he encourages the Spartans to be deliberate in their decision to wage war instead of acting immediately on their passions. His references to the ‘‘lives of men and their fortunes, the fates of cities, and their national honour’’ (p. 85) manifest his concern for the welfare of his polity. The end of his speech (the people’s welfare) becomes the end of the speaker’s deliberate choice, manifesting his character.
Because rhetorical terms are general and ambiguous, they can be redefined to fit new circumstances. Cicero finds new meanings and uses for ethos, logos, and pathos. De inventione, a rhetoric he wrote as a young man, articulates the way that common topics ‘‘as arguments . . can be transferred to many cases’’ (2. 48, p. 209). It praises topics used in one case that can be applied to another. Topics lead speakers to matter and arguments for their speeches. Shifting to the point of view of the orator, Antonius in De oratore uses a metaphor of hunting for gold to show how topics (topoi or loci) lead orators to facts and arguments even when Antonius himself cannot tell them what the facts and arguments actually will be in the specific case.