Language translation using PCCTS and C++: a reference guide by Terence John Parr

By Terence John Parr

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Assign )+ ; assign : ID "="^ poly ";"! ; <<#0->preorder(); printf("\n");>> where the ! on the interp header indicates that ANTLR is not to construct trees in that rule (a list of assignments is not required). Had we left the rule as written and added the tree construction grammar operators (as shown in the assign rule), the trees would not be constructed correctly after the first polynomial. )+ loop would continue to add to the same tree because each rule constructs exactly one tree. Language Translation Using PCCTS and C++ 55 A Tutorial The !

Actions embedded within the SORCERER grammar dictate what to do and, according to action position, when to do it. In this manner, it is very obvious what actions are executed during the tree walk. With the hand-coded C++ approach, you would have to peruse the class hierarchy to discover what would happen at each node. Further, there may be cases where you have two identical nodes in an IR structure for which you want to perform two different actions, depending on their context. With the grammatical approach, you simply place a different action at each node reference.

This section and the next address these issues to support our design choices regarding source translation and SORCERER. The construction of computer language translators and compilers is generally broken down into separate phases such as lexical analysis, syntactic analysis, and translation where the task of translation can be handled in one of two ways: • Actions can be executed during the parse of the input text stream to generate output; when the parser has finished recognizing the input, the translation is complete.

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