By Dr Desmond S. T. Nicholl
During this 3rd variation of his renowned undergraduate-level textbook, Des Nicholl recognises sound clutch of uncomplicated ideas is key in any creation to genetic engineering. for that reason, in addition to being completely up-to-date, the publication additionally keeps its concentrate on the elemental rules utilized in gene manipulation. The textual content is split into 3 sections: half I offers an creation to the suitable simple molecular biology; half II, the tools used to control genes; and half III, purposes of the expertise. there's a new bankruptcy dedicated to the rising significance of bioinformatics as a special self-discipline. different extra positive factors contain textual content containers, which spotlight vital elements of issues mentioned, and bankruptcy summaries, which come with goals and studying results. those, in addition to key observe listings, thought maps and a word list, will let scholars to tailor their research to fit their very own studying types and eventually achieve a company grab of a subject matter that scholars normally locate tricky.
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Extra resources for An Introduction to Genetic Engineering
Example text
In many cases some form of physical containment is required to prevent the escape of organisms during manipulation. The overall level of containment required depends on the type of host and vector being used, with the combination providing (usually) a level of biological containment in that the host is usually disabled and does not survive beyond the laboratory. The overall containment requirements will usually be specified by national bodies that regulate gene manipulation, and these may apply to bacterial and mammalian cell culture facilities.
The monomers are themselves made up of three components: a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The two types of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) are named according to the sugar component of the nucleotide, with DNA having 2 -deoxyribose as the sugar (hence DeoxyriboNucleicAcid) and RNA having ribose (hence RiboNucleicAcid). The sugar/phosphate components of a nucleotide are important in determining the structural characteristics of polynucleotides, and the nitrogenous bases determine their information storage and transmission characteristics.
Function but requires more controlled conditions. Differentiation is a function of development and, thus, genes in multicellular eukaryotes are often developmentally regulated. Gene regulation during the development and life cycle of a complex organism is, as you would expect, complex. In addition to genes that are controlled and regulated, there are many examples of gene products that are needed at all times during a cell’s life. Such genes are sometimes called housekeeping genes or constitutive genes, in that they are essentially unregulated and encode proteins that are essential at all times (such as enzymes for primary catabolic pathways).