On The Shoulders Of Giants A Course In Single Variable by Geoff Smith;Gordon McClelland

By Geoff Smith;Gordon McClelland

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Converges to → ❺ Notice carefully the words “for every” in this statement. We must consider input sequences on both sides of the point , as well as those which oscillate from side to side. However, to show that a function is not continuous at a point , it is enough to find just one sequence converging to such that the sequence does not converge to . 1. To investigate the continuity at Consider the function need to consider input sequences which converge to 2.

It is also possible to define continuity on closed intervals. 5 Continuity on a closed interval A function is continuous on the closed interval ❨ 1. ❨ ➀ is continuous on the open interval 2. For every sequence 3. For every sequence ✥ ↕ → ➔ ✥ ↕ → in ➔ in ✰ r ✪ ➁ ✲ r ✪ ➁ in its domain if: ➂ . r ✪ ➁ ➂ ➀ r ✪ ➁ ➂ converging to , the sequence ➀ r converging to , the sequence ➁ ➔ ➔ ❨ ❨ ✰ ✰ ✥ ✥ ↕ ↕ ✲ converges to ✲ → converges to → ❨ ❨ ✰ ✰ ➁ r ✲ ✲ . It should be clear how to define continuity on intervals such as or and we leave this as an exercise.

For instance, the function ✞ ❨ ✰ ✥ ✲ ✡ ✰ ✥ ❞ ✖ ✲ ❞ ✰ ✥ ❞ ❈ ✲ ✑ 49 RULES FOR DIFFERENTIATION is the sum of the two functions ❨ ✰ ✥ ✲ ✡ ✰ ✥ ❞ ✖ ✲ and ✞ ❨ ✰ ✥ ✲ ✡ ✰ ✥ ❞ ❈ , while the function ✲ ✑ ⑨ ✑ û ✞ ✰ ✥ ✲ ✡ ✰ ✥ ❞ ✖ ✲ ✰ ✥ ❞ ❈ ✲ ✑ is the product of and . It turns out that we can use the derivatives of and to find the derivatives of and . This means that with a relatively small number of derivatives and rules for the differentiation of combinations of functions, we can differentiate quite complicated functions.

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