By Hamilton W.R.
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Extra resources for On a Theorem in the Calculus of Differences
Example text
In its present form, JWT-I is ill equipped to meet the rigorous demands that just-war theorists have come to expect. A second, and less obvious, concern pertains to time-specific contexts with which JWT-I processes information, just as JWT-R has conventionally done. Since JWT-I is predominantly concerned with nonnation entities, it ought to do away with framing nonconventional warlike struggles in specific slices of time, as JWT-R does. Struggles involving nations and nonnation entities sometimes spring up ex nihilo, with no clearly distinguishable beginning point or end point.
For instance, an open-ended interpretation of just cause might be warranted, adversely changing The Question of Just War 25 its terms. Just cause is usually construed as one sufficient cause, not a smorgasbord of dubious reason-giving justifications. 34 While traditional JWT has usually encouraged singularcause appeals, recent formulations have occasionally entertained the possibility for using a multiple reasons approach. The obvious impediment to such permissiveness is that it trivializes the principle, such that just cause is no longer doing any work at all.
54 With JWT-I, just cause is expanded to include preventive attacks. But unlike the previous three ad bellum modifications, the relationship of asymmetry now favors nations over nonnation groups. This makes sense, especially since nonnation groups have routinely been given the advantage of choosing the time, place, and targets of their attack. Unlike JWT-R, JWT-I effectively collapses the distinction between preventive and preemptive attack, providing more leeway for nations in their struggles against nonnation entities.