Nature (Vol. 435, No. 7043, 9 June 2005)

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Extra resources for Nature (Vol. 435, No. 7043, 9 June 2005)

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Chronic inflammation makes individuals susceptible to many forms of cancer. The culprits that drive this process are inflammatory cells and signalling molecules of the ‘innate’ immune system — our in-born defence system, which recognizes potential threats without previous exposure to them. , writing in ©2005 Nature Publishing Group Cancer Cell1, demonstrate that specialized cells from the ‘adaptive’ immune system orchestrate the innate inflammation that promotes tumour progression. The link between inflammation and the promotion of cancer was first observed in the nineteenth century2, but only in recent years has it become a generally accepted NEWS & VIEWS NATURE|Vol 435|9 June 2005 phenomenon2–4.

Unfortunately, even Tinbergen’s careful analysis of cause and function could not prevent a confusion of concepts that continues to this day. Some will say that ethology is no longer a scientific discipline in its own right, but that depends on who you ask: a behavioural ecologist and a cognitive ethologist might give you different answers. Nevertheless, Burkhardt notes that the core ideas of classical ethology dissipated astonishingly rapidly; few contemporary ethologists would use such concepts as ‘action-specific energy’, for example.

Joint Conf. Artif. Intell. 331–337 (Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 1991). 4. , Selman, B. & Levesque, H. Proc. 10th Natl Conf. Artif. Intell. 459–465 (AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 1992). 5. Kirkpatrick, S. & Selman, B. Science 264, 1297–1301 (1994). 6. , Huberman, B. A. & Williams, C. (eds) Frontiers in Problem Solving: Phase Transitions and Complexity spec. issue Artif. Intell. 81 (1996). 7. Friedgut, E. J. Am. Math. Soc. 12, 1017–1054 (1999). 8. , Selman, B. & Troyansky, L. Nature 400, 133–137 (1999).

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