By Nicholas Low, Brendan Gleeson (eds.)
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Additional info for Making Urban Transport Sustainable
Sample text
Thus the average journey to work is half an hour whether it is in walking cities, transit cities, or automobile cities. Urban land use adapts to the infrastructure provided to enable this pattern to occur. The limits to each technology of transport were overcome by a new technology that enabled successive phases of city-building and economic development. The three city types (walking, transit, automobile) can be related to the last three Kondratiev business cycles with their characteristic transport technologies.
All technologies involve difficulties, costs and contradictions: the popular beliefs that it will one day be possible to run cars on water or that economic interactions will mainly be conducted electronically are nothing more than myths. The picture presented in Chapter 7 is dark – it may be too dark for some readers to accept readily, yet it is backed by evidence. Whitelegg depicts a developed world (Europe is the focus here) in which a health and environmental catastrophe is unfolding. Society is being spatially reorganized by central authority around a dispersed logistical model of production and distribution, the costs of which are are being continuously loaded on to public ill health, social injustice and environmental destruction.
The private car is particularly to blame because it provides a door to door travel option and its engine pollutes the atmosphere with noxious chemicals. This is quite different from public transport systems which can more readily accommodate electric powered, non-polluting vehicles (both rail and road systems) and in which there is always a need to walk short distances. Finally, the door to door conception of car/road transport tends to demote urban public space to the status of an awkward gap between domestic space and the car.