By Walter Frenz, Craig R. Aird
This instruction manual bargains exact descriptions of ecu festival legislation, together with mergers and public specialists. notably, it analyzes and discusses fresh judgements of the ECJ and the overall courtroom. providing systematically based and theoretically based content material, the booklet additionally contains ideas for practitioners. designated awareness is paid to the scope of consequences and the impact on basic rights. Rounding out the booklet, the clash among safeguarding personal details and the effectiveness of non-public and public enforcement is mentioned intensively within the context of the hot Directive 2014/104/EU.
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More detailed discussion Herdzina (1999), p. ; summarising the functions Busch (2010), p. 18 et seq. as well as I. Schmidt (2012), p. 40. 67 For additional discussion, see Pieper (1994), p. ; Brenner (1996), p. ; Frenz (2001), p. 112 et seq. 68 With additional citations, Frenz (2011), paras 2120, 3557, 3567 et seq. 69 Contra, see Bunte, In: Langen and Bunte (2014) Einf. EU-Kartellrecht para 32, who, however, likewise presupposes a foundation of market economy principles. 70 Frenz (2011), para 2119.
Basis requirements for this are that these intentions may likewise be realised free of pressure from others as well as equality of opportunity. 57 Freedom of competition ensures both. There are thus at least core components of distortion-free competition. To such an extent, essential characteristics of distortion-free competition cannot be defined comprehensively, even if it may be present in a variety of market types and behaviours and even though European competition policy bears the imprint of different influences that even today contribute to the understanding and interpretation of Art.
Competition free of distortions, on which the freedom of market participants is based, is thus protected against both private and state alternations. In a positive sense, freedom means the ability to act based on one’s own intentions. Basis requirements for this are that these intentions may likewise be realised free of pressure from others as well as equality of opportunity. 57 Freedom of competition ensures both. There are thus at least core components of distortion-free competition. To such an extent, essential characteristics of distortion-free competition cannot be defined comprehensively, even if it may be present in a variety of market types and behaviours and even though European competition policy bears the imprint of different influences that even today contribute to the understanding and interpretation of Art.