By Gerald M. Edelman (auth.), J. Perry Gustafson, G. Ledyard Stebbins, Francisco J. Ayala (eds.)
One awesome query in biology is the matter of devel opment: how the genetic directions encoded within the DNA turn into expressed within the morphological, physiological, and behavioral positive aspects of multicellular organisms, via an ordered series of occasions that stretch from the 1st phone department of the zygote to the grownup level and eventual dying. the matter is how a one dimensional array of directions is remodeled right into a 4 dimensional entity, the organism that exists in house and time. figuring out this alteration is, however, worthy for studying the method of evolution. 100 and twenty-five years after The foundation of Species, we've got received a few figuring out of evolution on the genetic point. Genetic info is saved within the linear series of nucleotides within the DNA. Gene mutations, chromosomal reorganiza tions, and a bunch of similar procedures introduce edition within the series and the volume of DNA. The destiny of those diversifications depends on interactions in the genome and with the surface atmosphere which are principally understood. we've got lately received a glimpse of the way the genome of eukaryotes is geared up and should research even more approximately it sooner or later, now that we've got the examine instruments for it.
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Extra resources for Genetics, Development, and Evolution: 17th Stadler Genetics Symposium
Example text
As Goodwin (1984) has stated. For instance. genes that code for enzymes necessary for the synthesis of growth-regulating substances. such as hormones. clearly have morphogenetic effects. In plants and fungi. that synthesize most of the amino acids incorporated into their proteins. mutations of genes that code for enzymes catalyzing steps in amino acid synthesis will affect the presence and abundance of all kinds of proteins. and so will alter both cellular metabolism and morphogenesis. Nevertheless.
These regions are similar in that cell walls are growing and elastic (Rayle and Cleland, 1977). The apical cells of a growing awn primordium in kk, as well as the cells immediately proximal to the newly formed reproductive meristem in the lemma primordium in KK, are similar with respect to wall condition to the root cells just mentioned. A reasonable hypothesis is, therefore, that similar currents are temporarily set up, that in primordia of awns and grass leaves are basipetal, and in the primordia of the hoods of KK genotype are alternately basipetal and acropetal, anf responsible for the reversed polarity.
Acad. Sci. USA, 82:7989. A. , New York. , 1980, Embryology and the modern synthesis in evolutionary theory, in: "The Evolutionary Synthesis," E. B. , pp. 96-112. , 1983, Kinetics of homophilic binding by E and A forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80:5762. , 1984, Evolutionary conversation of key structures and binding functions of neural cell adhesion molecules, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81:6881. , 1975, Evolution at two levels in human and chimpanzees, Science, 188:107.