Genetic Entropy & the Mystery of the Genome by Dr. J. C. Sanford

By Dr. J. C. Sanford

I have to start through asserting that i haven't learn this ebook. despite the fact that, I observed a creationist current the follwing quote from it the opposite day:

"Haldane calculated that it can take (on standard) three hundred generations (>6,000 yrs) to choose a unmarried new mutation to fixation, given what he thought of a 'reasonable' mix of recessive and dominant mutations. choice at this expense is so gradual that it's primarily kind of like no choice in any respect. This challenge has classically been known as 'Haldane's dilemma'. At this expense of choice, as soon as may perhaps purely repair 1,000 valuable nucleotide mutations in the entire genome within the tiem on the grounds that we supposedly advanced from chimps (6 million yrs). this easy truth has been proven independently via Crow and Kimura(1970), and ReMine (1993, 2005). the character of choice is such that determining for one nucleotide redues our skill to choose for different nucleotides (selection interference). Simultaneous choice doesn't aid.

"At first look, the above calculation turns out to indicate that one may possibly at the least have the capacity to decide upon for the construction of 1 small gene (of as much as 1,000 nucleotides) within the time considering we seemingly diverged from champanzee. There are the explanation why this isn't precise. 1. Haldane's calculation have been just for autonomous, unlinked mutations. choice for 1,000 particular and adjoining muations couldn't take place in 6 million yrs simply because that express series of adjoining mutations might by no means come up, no longer even in 6 billion yrs."
-pp 128-9

Now, i'll forget about for the instant that this Cornell 'geneticist' cites creationist electical engineer Walter ReMine for whatever having to do with genetics, but when this quote is exact, then Sanford both doesn't comprehend Haldane's version - in any respect - or he's purposefully misrepresenting it to make his foolish place appear extra viable.

And it appears he's not prepared to discuss it - I emailed him greater than 2 weeks in the past, in basic terms asking if the quote was once exact. No reply.

Can a person the following determine the acuracy of that quote?

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G. Sokal and Rohlf, 1969, Chap. 16) instead of χ 2 , we will simply be using the likelihood ratio statistic instead of the chi-square statistic. Often we will not observe the gametes directly, but instead will have to infer their identities from diploid zygotes in which we cannot tell an AB/ab double heterozygote from an Ab/aB. If we could distinguish these, then we could reconstruct the gametes from which each individual arose. For example, an AABB arose from two AB gametes, and an AaBB from one AB and one aB.

This illustrates a general principle, that if linkage equilibrium is maintained, natural selection at one locus will not affect another. It should not go unmentioned that linkage equilibrium among all combinations of loci allows a vast reduction in the number of variables required to describe genotype frequencies. Consider a genotype at twenty loci, each of which can have two alleles. There are 2 20 different gametes possible, so that there are 220 × 220 = 240 possible genotypes. Of course, we usually cannot tell coupling from repulsion double heterozygotes, or which alleles came from the maternal and which from the paternal gamete.

This technique consists of using estimates of the gene frequencies to divide up phenotype classes into their underlying genotypes, according to expected fractions computed using the guesses of the gene frequencies. These reconstructed genotype numbers are then used as if they were observed data to count genes and obtain thereby new estimates of the gene frequencies. The process is then repeated until it converges. This technique was introduced by Ceppelini, Siniscalco, and Smith (1955). For a general treatment see the paper of Smith (1957).

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