By John C. Avise
Reconstructing phylogenetic bushes from DNA sequences has turn into a well-liked workout in lots of branches of biology, and right here the well known geneticist John Avise explains why. Molecular phylogenies offer a genealogical backdrop for examining the evolutionary histories of many different sorts of organic characteristics (anatomical, behavioral, ecological, physiological, biochemical or even geographical). Guiding readers on a average historical past travel alongside dozens of evolutionary pathways, the writer describes how creatures starting from microbes to elephants got here to own their present phenotypes. crucial interpreting for students, expert biologists and a person drawn to normal heritage and biodiversity, this e-book is filled with interesting examples of evolutionary puzzles from around the animal state; how the toucan obtained its huge, immense invoice, how reptiles develop again misplaced limbs and why Arctic fish do not freeze.
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Extra info for Evolutionary pathways in nature : a phylogenetic approach
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It thus came as a welcome event when Yeti hairs were discovered in 1992, and made available for DNA sequence analysis. Peter Matthiessen and Thomas Laird had stumbled upon these hairs while exploring a remote Himalayan region near the Tibetan border, in the mysterious Kohla Valley outside the city of Lo Monthang. The Yeti’s abominable phylogeny 51 They had noticed Yeti footprints in the snow, and nearby they recovered twisted hairs that were identified by their local guides as clearly being of Yeti origin.
2): in a subset of traditionally recognized “halfbeaks” that none the less have a short lower jaw, and again in the flying fishes (which also have a short lower as well as upper jaw). 2. Simplified consensus phylogeny (based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences as well as morphological data) for beloniform fishes (after Lovejoy, 2000). Also shown are parsimony reconstructions of pertinent jaw transformations on various branches of the tree. e. g. ) Snails’ shell shapes 25 conclusion, however, is that the branching topology of the molecular phylogeny favors the recapitulation scenario for the major evolutionary transitions among jaw types in beloniform fishes, and provisionally falsifies the paedomorphosis hypothesis.
Gharials look much like other crocodilians except that they have narrow elongated snouts. The True Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) inhabits rivers of the northern Indian subcontinent; the False Gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii) lives in freshwater swamps, lakes, and rivers of Indonesia and Malaysia. As reflected in its common name, the False Gharial traditionally was classified not as a genuine gharial (Gavialidae), but rather as a crocodile (Crocodilidae) whose ancestors supposedly had converged in general appearance on the true gharial by independently evolving a long slender muzzle.