US DOE Instrumentation and Control by US Department of Energy

By US Department of Energy

The dept of power basics instruction manual on instrumentation and keep an eye on, comprises complete volumes.

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Several ways are available to minimize this problem. Discrimination is possible because the ionizations produced by the alpha particles differ in energy levels from those produced by gamma rays. A 1 MeV alpha particle moving through the gas loses all of its energy in a few centimeters. Therefore, all of the secondary electrons are produced along a path of only a few centimeters. A 1 MeV gamma ray produces a 1 MeV electron, and this electron has a long range and loses its energy over the entire length of its range.

The electrons produced by this ionization move toward the central wire and are multiplied en route. This pulse of charge is unrelated to the radiation to be detected and can set off a series of pulses. " One method for quenching these discharges is to add a small amount (≈ 10%) of an organic gas, such as methane, in the chamber. The quenching gas molecules have a weaker affinity for electrons than the chamber gas does; therefore, the ionized atoms of the chamber gas readily take electrons from the quenching gas molecules.

As the gas (air) is ionized by the incident radiation, the fiber moves toward the position of zero charge. Due to the electroscope’s dependability, simplicity, accuracy, and sensitivity, it is widely used in gamma radiation measurement. A self-reading pocket dosimeter is an example of an electroscope ionization chamber. Pocket dosimeters provide personnel with a means of monitoring their radiation exposure. The dosimeters are available in many ranges of gamma exposures from 0 through 200 milliroentgens to 0 through 1000 roentgens.

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